Acoustic interferometry : II-12 : 2nd/3rd year undergraduate experiments in physical chemistry
http://tlab.chem.ox.ac.uk/physchem/experiments/II-12.html
This page provides information on a practical course: measurement of heat capacities using acoustic interferometry and IR spectroscopy, including an introduction, safety notes, Web links, instructions (PDF format, Adobe Reader required) and background reading and references. It is one of the second/third year undergraduate experiments in physical chemistry at Oxford University.
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Applied Thermodynamics
http://www.taftan.com/thermodynamics/
This illustrated web page contains basic definitions of thermodynamics, the laws of thermodynamics, explanation of thermodynamics cycles and engines. The web page is provided by Taftan Data, a company that provides software related to thermodynamic problems.
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Atkins and de Paula : Physical chemistry 8e
http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780198700722/
This book "Physical chemistry: 8e", written by Peter Atkins and Julio de Paula, was published by the Oxford University Press in March 2006. This companion Web page includes a sample chapter taken from the corrected proofs discussing the basic concepts, thermochemistry, state functions and exact differentials of the first law of thermodynamics. Errata, group theory tables, links to related websites, purchase details and an inspection copy order form are available. Lecturers using the textbook may register and access additional resources.
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Bomb Calorimetry : II-11 : 2nd/3rd Year Undergraduate Experiments in Physical Chemistry
http://tlab.chem.ox.ac.uk/physchem/experiments/II-11.html
This page provides information on a practical course: determination of enthalpies of combustion by bomb calorimetry, including an introduction, safety notes and instructions (PDF format, Adobe Reader required). It is one of the second/third year undergraduate experiments in physical chemistry at Oxford University.
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Born-Haber Cycle for Calcium Fluoride
http://www.luc.edu/faculty/spavko1/c340/lect/born-haber-caf2.pdf
These notes were prepared as part of a course by S F Pavkovic at the Loyola University Chemistry Department in Chicago. They give chemical equations and associated thermodynamic relationships for the CaF2 Born-Haber cycle. The notes are in PDF format (Adobe Reader required).
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Born-Haber Cycle for NaCl
http://www.luc.edu/faculty/spavko1/c340/lect/Born-haber-nacl.pdf
These notes were prepared as part of a course by S F Pavkovic at the Loyola University Chemistry Department in Chicago. They give chemical equations and associated thermodynamic relationships for the sodium chloride Born-Haber cycle. The notes are in PDF format (Adobe Reader required).
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Calorimetry
http://www.chm.davidson.edu/vce/Calorimetry/
A general review of calorimetry, by David N. Blauch of Davidson College Department of Chemistry, is presented, including concepts such as heat capacity and calorimeter systems. Each section comprises a simulator that allows the calculation a number of values such as specific heat capacity, heat of solution, heat of combustion or heat of neutralisation.
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Chemical Dynamics In Extreme Environments
http://www.worldscibooks.com/chemistry/4308.html
This book 'Chemical Dynamics In Extreme Environments', edited by Rainer A Dressler, was published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Ltd in March, 2001 (ISBN 981-02-4177-1). This book illustrates the importance of detailed chemical dynamics and the role it plays in the phenomenology of a number of extreme environments. It is suitable for the scientists engaged in cross-disciplinary work and chemists studying multidisciplinary problems. This webpage provides the full contents list and the preface to the book. The full-text of chapter one (Exploring Chemistry in Extreme Environments: A Driving Force for Innovation), divided into five sub-chapters, is provided as sample material, also in PDF format. Purchase details are provided.
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Chemical energetics : an introduction to chemical thermodynamics and the first law
http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/energetics/
This site provides an introduction to thermodynamics and the first law. The importance of thermodynamics is first shown in the preface, then the following topics are discussed: basic thermodynamics, the first law of thermodynamics, molecules as energy carriers and converters (chemical energy), thermochemistry and calorimetry, and applications of enthalpy and the first law. There are also some related links available. The page was written by Stephen Lower and is part of the Chem 1 Virtual textbook.
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Chemical energetics : S-Cool : Chemistry A level
http://www.s-cool.co.uk/alevel/chemistry/chemical-energetics.html
This page focuses on chemical energetics including: enthalpy changes and Hess' Law. For each topic, main principles, revision notes and sample questions (with answers) are provided. The notes form part of a revision guide for AS and A2 students provided by S-Cool Ltd.
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Chemical Energy Tour (an Introduction to the Measures of Energy) : Chapter 6: Chemistry in Perspective
http://www.chembook.co.uk/chap6.htm
A site written by an experienced chemistry tutor for A level and senior school students, covering physical and inorganic chemistry. This sixth chapter describes what energy is, heat, internal energy, enthalpy, standard enthalpy, positive and negative enthalpy changes, and standard enthalpy changes. Some test questions are also presented.
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Chemical thermodynamics
http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch21/chemical.php
This primer on chemical thermodynamics, from Purdue University Chemical Education Department, is divided into three sections: "Energy, enthalpy, and the 1st law of thermodynamics" includes a look at state and surroundings, and internal energy, work and enthalpy; "Entropy and the 2nd and 3rd laws of thermodynamics" covers spontaneous reactions, disorder and standard state entropies; the final section covers Gibbs energy and the temperature dependence of equilibrium constants.
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CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics
http://www.codata.org/resources/databases/key1.html
CODATA (The Committee on Data for Science and Technology) has published internationally agreed values for the thermodynamic properties of key chemical substances. The final results of the project are presented on this website. The table includes the standard enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K, the entropy at 298.15 K, and the quantity H deg (298.15 K)-H deg (0).
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Data and Property Calculation Sites on the Web
http://tigger.uic.edu/~mansoori/Thermodynamic.Data.and.Property_html
Maintained by the Thermodynamics Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Chicago, this site gives an extensive guide to thermodynamic data available on the Web. It is divided into data sites, calculation/program download sites, and organisations involved in data collection and calculation.
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DETHERM Thermophysical properties database
http://cds.dl.ac.uk/cds/datasets/physchem/detherm/detherm.html
DETHERM is part of the Chemical Database Service (CDS) based at the Daresbury Laboratory. It provides information on the thermophysical properties of compounds and compound mixtures. It includes phase equilibrium data, excess properties, calorific properties, interfacial properties, transport properties, pressure volume temperature (PVT) data, electrolyte data, azeotropic data, identification of substances and bibliographic information. The database is accessed using a client on the user's PC. The required software and documentation can be downloaded through a link available at the website. The service is free to academics at UK universities and requires registration.
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Developing fuels : SciNet A-Level revision site
http://www.articlegems.co.uk/scinet/chemistry/index.php?s=df#df
An introduction to the concepts of energy changes, petrol and basic organic chemistry. For each sub-section, the author provides a range of topics and information designed as study or revision aids. This module forms part of the chemistry A-level revision site provided as part of the SciNet project from Elecuter.
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Differential scanning calorimetry
http://www.pslc.ws/mactest/dsc.htm
A tutorial from the Macrogalleria site explaining the technique and basic equations of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The site is available in English, French, Afrikaans, Spanish, Italian and Russian.
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Disorder Changes in Physical and Chemical Processes : the Second Law of Thermodynamics
http://www.wpi.edu/Academics/Depts/Chemistry/Courses/General/concep11.html
This chapter from an online textbook discusses the second major contributing factor to the establishment of equilibrium: the tendency of the universe to seek maximum disorder. It covers: the second Law of thermodynamics, entropy, heat, entropy and probability (the Boltzmann interpretation of entropy), entropy changes in chemical reactions and the Gibbs function. It forms chapter 11 of the textbook for a course 'Concepts of Chemistry' by Nicholas K Kildahl from Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA.
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Energetics (and the first law of thermodynamics) : Chapter 7 : Chemistry in perspective
http://www.chembook.co.uk/chap7.htm
A site written by an experienced chemistry tutor for A level and senior school students, covering physical and inorganic chemistry. This seventh chapter explains the difference between energy and energetics, as well as the first law of thermodynamics, Hess's Law and how to apply it, and Born-Haber cycles. The triangles of Hess's Law are explained step-by-step, including some examples. Some test questions are provided.
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Energetics I : Topic 2.1 : Unit 2 Introductory organic chemistry, energetics, kinetics and equilibrium and applications
http://www.drbateman.net/asa2sums/sum2.1/sum2.1.htm
A brief tutorial by David W. Bateman on energetics, prepared for AS-level chemistry. The resource includes: enthalpy change, enthalpy of formation, enthalpy levels, Hess' Law, and bond enthalpies.
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Energetics II : Topic 4.1 : Unit 4 Periodicity, quantitative equilibria and functional group chemistry
http://www.drbateman.net/asa2sums/sum4.1/sum4.1.htm
A brief tutorial by David W. Bateman on energetics, prepared for A-level chemistry. The resource includes: enthalpy of atomisation, enthalpy of hydration and lattice enthalpy; the Born-Haber cycle; experimental and theoretical lattice energies; factors influencing lattice enthalpy; and the solubilities of hydroxides and sulphates of group 2.
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Energy and Chemical Change : Frequently Asked Questions
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/thermo/faq.shtml
Part of the General Chemistry Online service developed by Fred Senese at Frostburg State University, USA, this collection of FAQs covers calorimetry, energy, enthalpy and thermochemistry.
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Energy Changes in Physical and Chemical Processes : the First Law of Thermodynamics
http://www.wpi.edu/Academics/Depts/Chemistry/Courses/General/concept9.html
This chapter from an online textbook provides detailed information about energy changes in physical and chemical processes, mainly the first law of thermodynamics. Starting with basic terminology in this area, it covers heat, work, the first law of thermodynamics, enthalpy, applications of energy ideas to chemical reactions, special processes and their associated standard enthalpy changes, experimental measurement of DeltaH (calorimetry), and the relationship between energy and chemical bonds. There are also some applications. The site forms chapter 9 of the textbook for a course 'Concepts of Chemistry' by Nicholas K Kildahl from Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA.
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Enthalpy : Heats of Reaction
http://www2.ucdsb.on.ca/tiss/stretton/CHEM2/enthalx.htm
This website created by Tom Stretton of the Thousand Island Secondary School provides university preparation chemistry notes on enthalpy, and heats of reaction. This section covers the following areas; introduction to thermochemistry; units of energy; specific heat, molar heat and heat capacity; energy changes in chemical reactions; nuclear energies and the conservation of mass; the first law of thermodynamics; measuring heats of reaction: calorimetry; standard heats of reaction; Hess's Law of heat summation; enthalpy diagrams; standard heats of formation and Hess's Law; and values of Hfo from standard heats of formation.
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Enthalpy Changes/the Mole : Topic 2: Energy Matters
http://www.hsn.uk.net/resources/HSN11200
Illustrated notes are provided for the Scottish Higher Chemistry course, written by Dr D Bayne, in PDF format (Adobe Reader required). These notes introduce the general principles of enthalpy and the mole. The topics reviewed are: enthalpy changes, potential energy diagrams, chemical definitions, experimental determination of enthalpy changes, the mole, Avogadro's constant, gas molar volume, volumes of gases in reactions, composition of gas mixtures and a summary of mole relationships.
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