World Guide - Ecuador

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conventional long form: Republic of Ecuador conventional short form: Ecuador local long form: Republica del Ecuador local short form: Ecuador

Please note - These data have been taken from the CIA World Factbook and are used with permission

Country Profile [CIA World Factbook] What is now Ecuador formed part of the northern Inca Empire until the Spanish conquest in 1533. Quito became a seat of Spanish colonial government in 1563 and part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada in 1717. The territories of the Viceroyalty - New Granada (Colombia), Venezuela, and Quito - gained their independence between 1819 and 1822 and formed a federation known as Gran Colombia. When Quito withdrew in 1830, the traditional name was changed in favor of the "Republic of the Equator." Between 1904 and 1942, Ecuador lost territories in a series of conflicts with its neighbors. A border war with Peru that flared in 1995 was resolved in 1999. Although Ecuador marked 25 years of civilian governance in 2004, the period has been marred by political instability. Protests in Quito have contributed to the mid-term ouster of Ecuador's last three democratically elected Presidents. Disputes organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia penetrate across Ecuador's shared border, which thousands of Colombians also cross to escape the violence in their home country Location Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru Coordinates 2° 0' S 77° 30' W Capital Quito Main Cities Cuenca, Esmeraldas, Guayaquil, Riobamba Area 283560 km2 Boundaries (km) 2,010 - Colombia 590, Peru 1,420 Coastline (km) 2,237 Timezone (GMT) -5 Population 14,573,101 (July 2009 est.) (Demographics) Public Holidays Independence Day (independence of Quito), 10 August (1809) Currency US dollar (USD) GDP $98.79 billion (2007 est.) (Economic data) Main Exports petroleum, bananas, cut flowers, shrimp, cacao, coffee, hemp, wood, fish Climate tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands Natural Hazards frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts Physical Features Cotopaxi volcano (5,896 m), Andes range, Galapagos volcanic islands, Napo river Environmental Agreements party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

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These data have been taken from the CIA World Factbook and are used with permission